张怀渝　王化新　吴素琼　杨正清　陈志渝　陈发菊

摘要: 对四川省(含重庆)8个大、中型火力发电厂排出的干/湿粉煤灰中天然放射性核素的组成和含量进行了测定和分析；并调查了我省粉煤灰的综合利用情况。结果表明，四川省火力发电厂排出的粉煤灰中天然放射性核素主要由238U，232Th，226Ra，40K 4种核素组成，放射性比活度变化在0～109.79±16.69(238U)，82.05±2.78～224.47±11.73(232Th)，63.92±2.75～255.8±3.86(226Ra)，117.72±14.77～1147.43±34.51(40K)Bq/kg。根据国家标准GB6566-86，四川省火力发电厂粉煤灰用做建筑材料时，以江油(湿灰)、内江、攀枝花、宜宾和雅安(湿灰)调查点的灰样放射性比活度不超标，其余调查点的灰样均属超标范围，根据GB6763-86中限制式计算，其最高用量不能超过建筑材料总重的68.67%～69.58%(干灰)和68.69%～91.40%(湿灰)。干粉煤灰的比放射性活度普遍高于湿灰。粉煤灰在农业上的利用具有潜在的优势，本文就此进行了较为详细的分析。
关键词: 粉煤灰; 天然放射性; 污染; 综合利用
中图分类号: X837　　文献标识码: A　　文章编号: 1000-2650(1999)03-0304-05

Detection and Assessment on the Safety for Natural Radioactivity of Fly Ash of the Coal-Fired Power Plants in Sichuan Province

ZHANG Huai-yu, WANG Hua-xin, WU Su-qiong, YANG Zheng-qing, CHEN Zhi-yu, CHEN Fa-ju
(Isotope Research Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China)

Abstract: Composition and radioactivity of natural radioactive nuclides of dry and wet fly ash in eight coal-fired powder plants in Sichuan province and Chong Qing city were detected, meanwhile the related synthetic utilization situations were investigated. The results show that the natural radioactivity of the fly ash of the coal-fired powder plants in Sichuan province and Chong Qing are chiefly composed of four nuclides 238　U，232Th，226Ra，40K and their radioactivity ranges 0～109.79±16.69(238U), 82.05±2.78～224.47±11.73(232Th), 63.92±2.75～255.8±3.86(226Ra), 117.72±14.77～1147.43±34.51(40K) (Bq/kg), respectively. According to the standard of the People’s republic of China GB 6566-86, the radioactivity of the dry and wet fly ash used as building materials in Jiang You (wet), Nei Jiang, Pan Zhihua, Yi Bing and Ya’an (wet) do not exceed the limited safe scales, but one of the other investigated areas does, whose highest useful percent of total weight of building material couldn’t exceed 68.67%～69.58% (dry) and 68.69%～91.40% (wet) based on the other standard of the People’s republic of China GB 6763-86. The potential advantage of fly ash applied for agriculture is discussed carefully in this paper.
Key words: FLY ASH; NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY; CONTAMINATION; UTILIZATION